A dentist performs many important tasks in the maintenance of health. Check-ups are a major part of the job and are important for patients keeping on top of their oral care. In addition to general check-ups, general dentistry involves basic treatments that can be done at a regular dental surgery. Such procedures might include filling a tooth, performing a minor surgical procedure such as a tooth extraction and cleaning and polishing teeth. All dentists encourage patients to practice good dental care by brushing and flossing and getting regular cleanings as these tasks can help prevent cavities and other tooth and gum diseases.

Within dentistry there are specific specialties which require further training creating expertise in a particular area. Examples of specialties include:

Endodontics - the area which specializes in the treatment of the internal tissues or "pulp" of the tooth which is mostly made up of nerves and blood vessels; an endodontist performs root canal treatments and other procedures and examinations involving the inner tooth

Orthodontics -deals with the straightening and alignment of the teeth and jaw; an orthodontist will fit braces and treat for disorders involving misaligned teeth; will also deal with issues involving bone in and around the mouth area which may be related to other health issues

Periodontics - refers to the area around the tooth, including the gums and other tissues; a periodontist will deal with gum disease and other gum ailments

Prosthodontics - the area relating to cosmetic dentistry and the appearance of teeth; a prosthodontist fits implants to replace removed teeth and deals with other prosthetics in the mouth

Paediatric Dentist - specializes in treating children's teeth; may work with other specialists if specific areas (e.g. gum disease) are involved