Geology is a study that encompasses all the materials that make up the earth, forces that act upon the earth, and of the biology of ancestral inhabitants based on the fossil record. Geologists work to understand the history of the planet we live on, to better predict the future and explain current occurrences.

Geologists study Earth processes such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and volcanic eruptions to survey land and draw up safe building plans. When geologists investigate Earth materials, not only do they investigate metals and minerals, but they also look into oil, natural gas, water and methods to extract these. Overall, geology is concerned with the changes of Earth over time, such as climate change and land formation.